NBME Form 27 Practice Test

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• Which structure is developed from the second pharyngeal arch?
• What condition is characterized by detrusor muscle instability and uninhibited bladder contractions?
• What condition leads to renal parenchymal fibrosis and atrophy over time?
• What is a likely effect of deficiency in carbonic anhydrase?
• What clinical sign is associated with hypocalcemia?
• Which muscle is primarily responsible for external rotation in addition to infraspinatus?
• Which of the following is a common sign of fetal alcohol syndrome?
• What symptoms are associated with damage to the cerebellar hemispheres?
• What role does eosinophilia serve in the diagnosis of acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• What condition is characterized by the pulling out of one’s own hair?
• What are likely neurological findings in a thrombotic stroke affecting the dominant MCA territory?
• Which genetic condition leads to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer among others?
• Infarctions within the territory of the posterior cerebral artery typically lead to what visual deficit?
• What visual defect is most frequently observed due to compression of the optic chiasm?
• What receptor type recognizes the processed malaria antigens in infected hepatocytes?
• What type of cancer is most commonly characterized by symptoms like hematuria or urinary obstruction?
• What does a peripheral blood smear reveal in patients with sickle cell disease who are treated with hydroxyurea?
• Which clinical finding is most indicative of a pleural effusion?
• Which receptors are targeted by thiazolidinedione oral antihyperglycemics?
• Which autoimmune condition is characterized by hemoptysis and hematuria?
• Inability to achieve erection is primarily associated with damage to which type of nerve?
• What does enteropeptidase deficiency lead to in infants?
• What leukocyte function is critically dependent on the polymerization of actin?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for patients from endemic areas with large roundworms in their stool?
• Which deficiency leads to X-linked hyperkeratosis of the skin?
• Which phase of wound healing involves platelet plug formation for hemostasis?
• What does an increased number of sarcomeres arranged in parallel indicate?
• What is the main symptom associated with giardiasis due to the parasitic overgrowth in the small bowel?
• Which symptoms are commonly associated with acute coronary syndrome?
• What is the major complication associated with angiodysplasia?
• What condition may progress from actinic keratosis?
• What happens to the endplate potential when botulinum toxin is present?
• Which nerve innervates the muscles developed from the fourth pharyngeal arch?
• What condition is primarily linked to excess iron deposition and presents with darkening of the skin?
• What role do matrix metalloproteinases play in wound healing?
• What condition may present with an increase in sarcomeres coupled with decreased abundance of F-actin?
• What is the result of hypovolemia in patients who abuse laxatives?
• What is the enzyme deficiency that results in Hurler syndrome?
• What laboratory finding is typical in individuals abusing laxatives?
• What effect do mutations at the TATA sequence or promoter have on gene transcription?
• What condition results from abnormal vascularization of the retina in premature infants?
• What condition is characterized by a defect in leukocyte attachment to vascular endothelium?
• Which muscle is associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch?
• What is a defining symptom of sialidosis?
• What condition does fucosidosis characterize?
• What is the primary disease caused by Yersinia pestis?
• Which of the following laboratory findings is most suggestive of acute tubular necrosis?
• Which disease is characterized by fever, watery diarrhea, and abdominal pain in AIDS patients?
• What is the most likely nerve involved in decreased strength with elbow flexion and numbness to the lateral aspect of the forearm?
• What is the most common enzyme deficiency associated with homocystinuria?
• Injuries to which rotator cuff muscle primarily affect abduction?
• What is the most commonly used prophylactic agent against bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis?
• What impact does increased mucus production from smoking have on lung function?
• What should be administered as treatment for acute intermittent porphyria?
• How do malaria parasites enter host cells?
• Which amino acid plays a crucial role in collagen cross-linking?
• Struvite calculi in the urinary system are commonly associated with which microorganism?
• The sixth pharyngeal arch develops into which of the following?
• Which symptom is distinctive for acute intermittent porphyria compared to other porphyrias?
• What is the expected impact of thiamine deficiency on glutamate transporters?
• What is the interaction between succinylcholine and neostigmine?
• What laboratory finding is commonly associated with acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• The presence of which cell type is essential for the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
• Which cells are responsible for recognizing and attacking tumor cells lacking MHC-I expression?
• What does the third pharyngeal arch develop into?
• What significantly affects intracranial pressure?
• What term describes the presence of both normal and mutated mitochondrial DNA?
• What is a common result of overactive bladder regarding patient symptoms?
• What condition is characterized by pressure overload leading to concentric hypertrophy?
• What is the overall prognosis for patients who have acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN) if the offending agent is removed promptly?
• What deficiency results in sialidosis?
• Which spinal nerves are involved in difficulty with the extension of the index finger?
• Which inflammatory mediators are released following the initial histamine release in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
• What is the main effect of an injury to the subscapularis muscle?
• What physiological effect does cilostazol have in treating claudication?
• Which condition is characterized as an AIDS-defining illness in patients with a CD4 count less than 100?
• What two signals are required for T lymphocyte activation by dendritic APCs?
• Which mechanism primarily contributes to hypertension in patients with elevated cortisol levels?
• How does an iatrogenic puncture of the parietal pleura during a subclavian catheter insertion primarily affect the pleural space?
• What is the presentation of 5-alpha reductase deficiency?
• In patients with spinal muscular atrophy, what is a common symptom seen during infancy?
• Which of the following best describes acute kidney injury in the context of acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• Which of the following immune cell types is likely to infiltrate renal interstitium during acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• What causes increased cortisol levels in the body?
• In the sympathetic nervous system, what is an exception to the typical neurotransmitter released?
• What is a common presentation of Hurler syndrome?
• What is the primary symptom of an infraspinatus injury?
• What is the first-line treatment for acne?
• What is a common treatment for Yersinia pestis infection?
• What is a common triggering factor for acute intermittent porphyria symptoms?
• In which phase of wound healing do myofibroblasts contribute to wound contraction?
• Which treatment approach is crucial for addressing acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• What is the primary function of platelets in the early wound healing process?
• What type of stroke is characterized by impairment in both Broca's and Wernicke's areas?
• Which systemic condition can trigger acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• What condition is caused by alpha-1 fucosidase deficiency?
• Which class of antibiotics is associated with a risk of tendon rupture and tendinopathy?
• In patients with hemochromatosis, which finding is typically noted on liver biopsy?
• What is the effect of botulinum toxin on presynaptic acetylcholine release?
• The activation of cavernous nerves is crucial for which physiological process?
• What does the term 'intention to treat' signify in a clinical trial?
• Weakness due to compression of C6, C7, and C8 nerves will affect what motion?
• A deficiency in which vitamin leads to inadequate hydroxylation of procollagen?
• What are common side effects of metformin?
• Which marker is involved in the process of cell growth and proliferation?
• What mechanism do glipizide and sulfonylureas use to cause hypoglycemia?
• Which of the following signs is indicative of homocystinuria?
• What is the recommended course of action when a patient is diagnosed with acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• What is an essential screening guideline for retinopathy of prematurity?
• Which myocardial alteration is indicative of volume overload?
• What is an essential step in the replication of coronaviruses?
• What neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic nerves in the parasympathetic nervous system?
• What is the primary predisposing factor for urothelial carcinoma?
• In the sympathetic nervous system, which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic nerves?
• What neurological deficit is most commonly observed in a thrombotic stroke affecting the non-dominant MCA territory?
• How do tetracyclines disrupt bacterial protein synthesis?
• What is the likely outcome of persistent diarrhea caused by Giardia infections in terms of nutrition?
• Which symptom is NOT associated with acute intermittent porphyria?
• In terms of pathophysiology, what does AIN primarily involve?
• What type of inheritance pattern does Hurler syndrome follow?
• Which factor is often the cause of acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• What is the primary mode of transmission for Toxoplasma gondii?
• APOE is significant for the function of what type of lipoproteins?
• Which type of cell primarily removes glutamate from synapses to protect the brain from excitotoxicity?
• Which neurotransmitter do postganglionic nerves release in the sympathetic nervous system?
• What complication can occur following a myocardial infarction related to myocardial injury?
• Which cancer is commonly associated with the presence of the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene?
• What clinical finding is associated with the glucocorticoid effects of cortisol?
• What genetic instability characterizes Lynch syndrome?
• What histological feature is characteristic of Kaposi's sarcoma?
• What process involves malaria antigens processing onto class I MHC molecules?
• What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Goodpasture syndrome?
• What triggers the symptoms in acute intermittent porphyria?
• How is scabies primarily transmitted?
• Which enzymes are inhibited by lead?
• What findings are typically seen with a pneumothorax during physical examination?
• What is the primary defect leading to the inability to produce hydroxy-halide radicals?
• What is the process called when two distinct cell populations influence each other's development?
• The condition characterized by a carpopedal spasm is typically related to which electrolyte imbalance?
• What occurs as part of the inflammatory phase of fracture healing?
• Which condition is characterized by painful shallow vesicles and erosions on the penis associated with lymphadenopathy?
• What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?
• Which heart valve is NOT identified on a standard CT scan?
• Which type of shock is indicated by hypotension, cool and pale extremities, and jugular venous distention?
• What type of weakness results from lesions of the medullary pyramid?
• Which is the first-line agent for GERD that binds irreversibly to inhibit gastric acid formation?
• Which condition is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections and delayed detachment of the umbilical cord?
• What role do alveolar macrophages play that can be impaired by smoking?
• Significant potassium loss in conditions affecting mineralocorticoid activity can lead to which electrolyte imbalance?
• Which mechanism explains why propranolol decreases heart rate and contractility?
• What lab findings are indicative of acute tubular necrosis?
• Which structure does the upper part of the thyroid gland develop from?
• What is a characteristic symptom of scabies?
• Broken hairs in trichotillomania are typically found at?
• Which is a common side effect of beta-2 adrenergic agonists?
• What is a classic manifestation of scurvy associated with vitamin C deficiency?
• What is the primary genetic alteration associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?
• What symptom might a patient with immunodeficiency due to myeloperoxidase deficiency commonly present with?
• What vitamin supplementation should a patient with chronic pancreatitis increase for better nutrient absorption?
• What is the mechanism of action of ondansetron?
• How does smoking negatively affect lung function?
• What is the primary function of apolipoprotein A (APOA)?
• Increasing which of the following will NOT help improve oxygenation in a patient on mechanical ventilation?
• What is the main function of fibronectin?
• A characteristic finding in alopecia areata is?
• Brachial cleft cysts develop due to failure in the fusion of what anatomical structures?
• What symptom is characteristic of claudication?
• Which type of bacterial resistance is common with fluoroquinolones?
• Which factor is considered the main driving force for increased cerebral blood flow?
• What is the effect of blocking negative feedback of estrogen on the pituitary gland?
• Chronic allograft dysfunction is characterized by what type of immune response?
• What is a major consequence of glycogen storage disease type 1?
• Which two pathogens are most commonly responsible for causing cellulitis?
• Which cell produces pepsin in the stomach?
• What condition is characterized by air within the thickened bowel wall on imaging?
• What is the result of beta-galactosidase deficiency?
• Which demographic is most at risk of developing acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• What is the primary function of the cerebellar vermis?
• What symptom combination is most suggestive of consolidated lung?
• What structural change is most likely due to chronic hypertension in the heart?
• Compression of which spinal nerves can result in weakness of the upper extremity's abduction?
• To effectively decrease arterial PCO2 in a patient on ventilation, what should be increased?
• What deficit is associated with an injury to the latissimus dorsi?
• What is the mechanism by which acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN) leads to acute kidney injury?
• Which type of glomerular damage is seen in Goodpasture syndrome?
• What distinguishes Staphylococcus aureus from Streptococcus pyogenes when diagnosed clinically?
• What hormone is largely responsible for the closure of the growth plate during puberty?
• How do beta adrenergic blockers function as class II antiarrhythmics?
• Why do pregnant women experience increased respirations?
• What skin condition is characterized by light pink, ill-defined macules with a gritty texture due to sun exposure?
• How does clomiphene increase fertility in women?
• Which physiological change occurs in response to increased ventilation efforts?
• What genetic disorder is caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene?
• What condition is characterized by a large peak pressure difference between the left ventricle and aorta?
• A rise in creatinine due to inflammatory infiltrates in renal transplant patients likely indicates what condition?
• What virus is responsible for roseola infantum?
• What is the function of the parietal pleura in respiratory anatomy?
• What is a major side effect of beta-adrenergic blockers like propranolol?
• What is the first step in the bone repair process after a fracture?
• What are the accumulated substrates in acute intermittent porphyria?
• What type of bacteria is Streptococcus pyogenes classified as?
• Which of the following is considered the most important preventable risk factor for pancreatic cancer?
• During prolonged fasting or intense exercise, which organs release glucose?
• Which symptom is associated with excessive body iron in hemochromatosis?
• What is the first-line treatment for claudication?
• What is the effect of decreased calcium or vitamin D intake prior to peak bone mineral density?
• How is the diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis confirmed?
• Which symptom would best indicate severe hypocalcemia?
• Where do the ovaries first drain into lymph nodes?
• If the liver stops producing adequate thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), what happens to free T4 levels?
• When accessing renal arteries from the femoral artery, where should the catheter be advanced after entering the aorta?
• What developmental abnormality results in a cleft lip?
• In which patients are sulfa medications known to precipitate hemolytic reactions?
• Which primary inflammatory mediators are known to promote vasodilation in the initial immune response?
• What condition is characterized by glucose-6 phosphatase deficiency?
• In which syndrome do the mammillary bodies typically atrophy?
• What is a notable feature observed in the MRI of patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis?
• What cell type in the stomach is characterized by a large size and intensely acidophilic cytoplasm?
• Compression of the C8 and T1 spinal nerves leads to weakness in which finger movement?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• What are the primary symptoms associated with acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?
• What type of antigens typically generate a greater immunogenic response?
• What is the most common condition causing bloody stools and abdominal distension in premature infants?
• What is the primary role of apolipoprotein B (APOB)?
• Which of the following is a characteristic feature of CREST syndrome?
• What are the consequences of a defect in the development of the first pharyngeal arch?
• What is the typical clinical management approach for roseola infantum?
• In which condition is an array of sarcomeres arranged in series typically observed?
• Which neurotransmitter is consistently released by both preganglionic and postganglionic nerves in the parasympathetic nervous system?
• What type of vaccine is used against H. influenzae type b?
• Zellweger syndrome is caused by the absence of which cellular component?
• What characterizes the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?
• What is the primary role of Schwann cells in the nervous system?
• Kaposi's sarcoma is commonly associated with which virus?
• Which immune response is involved in acute inflammatory nephritis (AIN)?